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Biology

In which specific part of the mitochondrion does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) take place?

A
Inner mitochondrial membrane
B
Mitochondrial matrix
C
Intermembrane space
D
Outer membrane
Biology

What zone of an aquatic ecosystem receives enough sunlight to allow photosynthesis to occur?

A
Aphotic zone
B
Photic zone
C
Benthic zone
D
Abyssal zone
Biology

What molecular technique allows scientists to make millions of copies of a specific DNA segment rapidly for research or forensic analysis?

A
Gel electrophoresis
B
Western blotting
C
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D
DNA sequencing
Biology

Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary gland, acts directly on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption and concentrate the urine?

A
Aldosterone
B
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C
Insulin
D
Cortisol
Biology

What complex carbohydrate do plants use as their primary energy storage molecule, consisting of a long chain of glucose units?

A
Cellulose
B
Glycogen
C
Starch
D
Chitin
Biology

According to the sliding filament theory, which structural unit of a myofibril serves as the basic functional unit of muscle contraction?

A
Sarcomere
B
Sarcolemma
C
Sarcoplasm
D
Myosin head
Biology

What type of directional growth response occurs when a plant grows or bends toward a light source?

A
Thigmotropism
B
Geotropism
C
Phototropism
D
Hydrotropism
Biology

Which powerful digestive enzyme is activated in the stomach to begin the chemical breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides?

A
Amylase
B
Lipase
C
Trypsin
D
Pepsin
Biology

What term describes the random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population over time, which typically has a much larger impact on smaller populations?

A
Gene flow
B
Natural selection
C
Genetic drift
D
Artificial selection
Biology

Which class of proteins acts as the primary regulators of the cell cycle, controlling a cell's progression through various checkpoints?

A
Histones
B
Cyclins
C
Immunoglobulins
D
Actins